The urban district (original the municipality) is called to the old farm Valle (Skandinavier Vollr), since the first church was established there. The form of the name is the case of genitive, from general expressions the Vallar kirkja (church) and from the Vallar sókn (municipality). Valle is appropriate in the middle in Setesdal, one lowers and for a traditional district in Aust Agder, which included the urban districts of Bykle, Valle, Bygland, Iveland and Evje og Hornnes. The Otra river flows from the Hardangervidda hochebene into Telemark to the north, by lowers from Setesdal (and by Valle), into the sea near the Kristiansand. Valle is separated from neighbouring lowering in the east and in the west by large mountain high levels. Before lower by road to Kristiansand in the 1840s one connected, people traveled by routine the east and the west over this swampland. The highest point is the Skammefjell with m. wasserfaellen 1418 along-includes the Hallandsfossen and the Gloppefossen. There is two central population of ranges in the urban district, in the Valle and in the Rysstad, with the line of the city district, which is convenient in Valle. These were original in two different urban districts (Rysstad was a part of the Hylestad of city district), but Hylestad and Valle 1962 were combined. The Hylestad Daubekirche, designs in 13. Century, in Setesdal became in 19. Century demoliert. Its portal, if some carved scenes illustrate the legend, of Sigurd Fåvnesbane (Sigurd of the Drache Dragon slayer), is on announcement on the university museum of antiques in Oslo (Universitetets Oldsaksamling, Historisk museum, Oslo). Sigurds the Slaying of Fafnir is described as well as alluded in the Prosa Edda of Snorri Sturluson and the Saga by the Volsungs, Beowulf and Njals in to the Saga. The Byklestigen run is one up torturous trace a steep cliff face. Until the 1870s was it the only way, lowers to of Valle the middle Setesdal to Bykle in the north to travel. The place of assembly of the numerous accidents on the dangerous way Bykle runs away by the older urban district of Valle 1903 was split up over the river Otra and was. Between Valle in Setesdal on the western side of the mountains and Fyresdal on the eastern side, one finds a medieval rail over the high hochebene, which priests and Bishops maintained, between the counties from Agder and Telemark to to receive. This rail is called Bispevegen ("Road of the Bishops") and each year begins one March, the "Bispevegmarsjen" is called ("Road March of the Bishops") with Kleivgrend in Fyresdal.
With 14.700 handles and nearly 7 million trailers (1989) S?t? the largest Zen is section in Japan, in in considerable extent protruding Rinzai and in Obaku. In Japanese history Soto among provinziellen teachings and normal people became generally accepted, while Rinzai won the support of the central Samurairegierung. S?t? in Japan and in the west is practiced and shikantaza Meditation as means of the understanding and the body as conscious nature completely eliminates stressed; if the clearing-up at the arrival is carried out, of, which can be considered ' as pure existence '. The characteristics of S?t? as go pictorial deviation indicator ch'ien a clear kind of Zen back too Shih t'ou (J. Sekito Kisen, 700-790) the one important practice center in the mountains of the Hunan province in China led. From this school Zen, of which Soto is one, develops three different schools there basing of Tung Tung shan Liang chieh (J. Tozan Ryokai, 807-869) in China. Its transmission to Japan from Dogen Kigen (1200-1253) one took place. As in the traditions of the tibetanischen Buddhismus, an older monk is appointed, in order to be descent carriers in a Dharma a transmission ceremony. This monk was confirmed before, in order to have any degree of clearing-up or satori by a confirmed Zen master, as well as living and served for certain decades in a Zen Monastery and the forms of practice of its certain descent tradition compiles, in order to carry her forward into the future. The descent documents (shisho) pursue usually the chain of the transmission back to Gautama Buddha, the original historical Buddha and founder of Buddhismus. In the medieval period the Soto section popularity in the Japanese landscape won under laypeople of all categories. This ascent in the popularity can be partly attributed to its einschliesslichen funeral practice, those permitted that Zen of funerals are given to put creditors. The Soto school developed the tradition posthumous of the situation of classification, which permitted the deceased to put the order kloesterlichen in the Soto to be introduced creditors and so gave them entrance Zen to the kloesterlichen funeral of rites. This practice posthumous of the classification was one of first few elements by Soto Zen, that by the early Tokugawa period.[1 ] since the development was standardized and justification of one posthumous classification within the Zen tradition, death rituals, particularly one for laypeople, has marked central practice Soto Zen in the municipality temples.[2 ] up to the medieval period, only a small percentage noted Soto Zen of the funeral lectures for members of the kloesterlichen order.[3 ] the progressive changes to Soto Zen, which funeral of rites was not ordered by its founder, Zen was be present-endogenously supplied, but came over years later, if Zen Vorlagenkeizan Jokin the fourth Japanese Soto Patriarch and the founders of the Sojiji Handle, lively Zen of monks to expire and the funeral services for laity accomplish to into the landscape. Although Dogen was first to insert to many aspects of the Chinese Ch'an kloesterlichen codes into Japan its gogoku no funeral contains sermons.[4, ] at the time, which was this Keizan Patriarch, however was different schools of Zen in competition for successors and it was conscious of the necessity for forming the practical rituals such as funerals, which are present for laity. The opening of Zen funeral of rites to laity was important, if it understood the spreading and the resemblance about Soto Zen. Resulting from this einschliesslicheren attitude in relation to funerals, many new handles in the rural areas were established, and the Soto was in the situation to extend in Japan gradually. Funerals continue playing an important role as point of the contact between the monks and laity. Statistics published school condition by the Soto that 77 per cent of Soto laymen visits their handle only from with including reasons, funerals and death, while an attendance of only 7 per cent for mental reasons and a bare 2-Prozent-Besuch a Zen priest one behind the other the personal trouble or the crisis.[5 ] the broader majority of North American S?t? Priest, although, Japanese member, mainly those of the American and specifically European waste with including, attached together 1996, around the Soto Zen forming Buddhist connection. During institutionally independent the Japanese S?t?sh?, the S?t? Zen Buddhist connection work near also, which most members see as their parent organization. With approximately hundred completely transferred priests the Soto Zen Buddhist connection represents now nearly all Japanese-derived S?t? Zen descending in North America. Shih t'ou pictorial deviation indicator ch'ien's poem "the harmony of the difference and the Sameness" is an important in former times expression of Zen Buddhismus and in S?t is sung? Handle to this day. One of the poems of Tung Tung shan Liang chieh, the founder of S?t?, "the song of jewel mirror consciousness" is sung also in the Soto handles. Another set of its poems on the five positions (five climb) of the absolute one and relatives is there a sentence koans in the Rinzai school important. Other texts sang usual in S?t? Zen handles close the heart Sutra (Hannyashingy?), and Fukanzazengi Dogens (recommended instructions for Zazen). Instruction Dogens is marked by the marking of practice as clearing-up. This is to be found in the Sh?b?genz?.
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